Quantitative Research

Quantitative research differs from Qualitative research in that it is a numerical representation of a theory or empirical finding rather than an extrapolation concept derived from a question. Aside from differing methodology, quantitative research is concerned with empirical findings. By its very nature, qualitative research isn't empirical though it can be accurate. Qualitative, on the other hand, is designed to arrive at an empirical finding; usually through the testing of a hypothesis. It is an important distinction. However, the two forms of research are complimentary in nature as findings in one can lead to studies in the other. For example, quantitative findings can tell you that divorce rates are higher in states with strong religious populations but it cannot always tell you why or what that might mean. Qualitative studies may be able to break down what that means as it relates to the society as a whole. Conversely, a qualitative study may derive a finding that states people equate education with higher standards of living but it a quantitative study would be able to track the numbers to see if such a perception is supported by statistical evidence. 

At its heart quantitative research (in the social sciences) is based on the premise "social phenomena can be quantified, measured and expressed numerically. The information about a social phenomenon is expressed in numeric terms that can be analysed by statistical methods. The observations can be directly numeric information or can be classified into numeric variables." (Mamia) Mamia also goes on to state the usages of matrices for the presentation and usage of data but doesn't state if this is a requirement to considered a qualitative study. I have seen and conducted qualitative studies where a matrix was not presented as part of the methodology.  I don't see where the usage or non-usage of a matrix validates or invalidates data provided the methodology is sound. 

All in all quantitative research is best used to determine causal relations between two variables or to track change. Where it falls short is in producing a living view of reality and it is predicated on the researcher knowing enough about the matter to ask relevant questions.